Exploring The Implications of Political Expediency Through the Lens of Zero Dark Thirty
Paper by Emilia Shahani.
“Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” This quote was written by Lord Acton. Acton famously in 1887 in a letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton as part of his argument that moral standards should apply to everyone, regardless of one’s level of power. This sentiment regarding power is apparent in society today, as well as the ideals that no one should have unchecked authority. Those in power in the military and government often prioritize doing what is politically expedient rather than doing what is best for their country, specifically because they hold that power. In the film Zero Dark Thirty (Kathryn Bigelow, 2012), there is a scene in which the main character, Maya (Jessica Chastain), accuses her superior of giving into this tendency to serve his self-interest rather than making the hard choices necessary to find Bin Laden, which is what is truly best for the country. Elements including the dialogue, power dynamics, political context, and cinematography of this intense and telling scene all support her accusation. The subject matter of political expedience/personal agenda over long-term success for the benefit of the country is crucial to understand because of the current political environment in the United States and longer lasting political conflicts around the world.
Zero Dark Thirty is a thriller based on the decade-long mission that the American government, CIA, and Navy Seals undertook in order to capture or kill Osama Bin Laden, the orchestrator of the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the United States. The film was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, written by Mark Boal, and produced by both Bigelow and Boal in addition to Megan Ellison. It was noteworthy for its time in that it was directed and produced by a woman and dealt with a female lead in the government/military operations. While the film industry has historically been very male-dominated, with jobs at the highest tiers (writers, directors and producers) being almost exclusively male for decades, the subject matter of terrorism,
government, defense and military strength is obviously also a masculine domain. Bigelow was widely celebrated for her balanced vision of this world, giving equal weight, or arguably more weight, to Maya in comparison to her male counterparts. It’s also important to highlight that the character of Maya was largely based on and inspired by a real life female CIA agent, Alfreda Sheuer, who played a central role in finding Bin Laden, including being present during the torture and interrogation of an Al Qaeda suspect in 2012.
Zero Dark Thirty takes as its central character Maya, a young CIA recruit who dedicates
10 years of her life to finding Bin Laden, and is largely credited for driving the mission forward
and ultimately locating his hiding place. Throughout this movie, audiences see torture techniques
that were utilized against Al Qaeda suspects, mulitple political events following 9/11, different
tiers of power that were involved in the mission, and a recreation of the actual assassination of
Bin Laden and some of his entourage.
There is one especially pivotal and emotionally charged scene that signifies a turning
point in the film and illustrates the tendency of those with authority to make decisions based on
their own political expediency rather than the greater good. The first shot of the sequence shows
President Bush on the news speaking to the country about how the terrorists that attacked the
twin towers find American freedom threatening. The shot is handheld, and taken from outside
the room looking in, which is revealed in the next shot to be exactly Maya’s point of view –
outside looking in. The fact that Bush is addressing the nation lets the viewer know that
defeating terrorism is still of utmost importance to those at the highest levels of authority. Maya
is pacing, waiting to catch her superior, Bradley (Kyle Chandler), as he walks down the hall.
Bradley appears to be in such a hurry that when Maya asserts, “I really need to talk to you about
beefing up our surveillance operation on the caller” he simply walks right past her and replies,
“We don’t have an operation on the caller,” outwardly denying the operation’s existence and by
extension, Maya’s role in the mission. Bradley expresses that there was almost an attack on Time
Square and that what Maya is pursuing is much lower priority compared to the ongoing attacks
on U.S. soil. Maya contends that it is in fact an essential operation because it’s the key to Bin
Laden, to which Bradley replies, “I don’t fucking care about Bin Laden, I care about the next
attack” and goes on to explain that Maya’s role in the mission is going to shift. The scene then
escalates. As Bradley attempts to walk away, Maya pushes past him and turns to stop him,
explaining that Bin Laden is responsible for the very attacks he wants to stop. She tries to make
him realize that their goals are the same, because through finding Bin Laden, these deadly
attacks will be stopped. Maya’s passion and anger intensifies, she accuses Bradley, “You just
want me to nail some ‘low level-mullah-crackadulla’ so you can check that box in your resume
that says while you were in Pakistan, you got a real terrorist. But the truth is, you don’t
understand Pakistan, and you don’t know Al Qaeda. Either give me the team I need to follow this
lead, or the other thing you’re gonna have on your resume is being the first Station Chief to be
called before Congressional Committee for subverting the efforts to capture or kill Bin Laden.”
Maya reasserts what resources she needs, and then walks away, leaving Bradely stone-faced as
he walks into his next meeting.
This scene is pivotal in the film. Maya outwardly threatens her superior, which reveals
her determination to get the resources she needs to find Bin Laden and her lack of fear to speak
up for herself and the purpose of the mission. Maya is also uncharacteristically emotional here,
being pushed to her limits and willing to do whatever it takes to get what she feels she needs to
complete the mission. However, she also clearly holds the power in this scene, which stems
from her intrinsic knowledge gained from her singular obsession with the enemy. Virtually all
shots include her, and cinematically, Bradely is shown with a dark background, while Maya
always has a bright background, with either a white wall or white curtains. Her final rant is also
completely uninterrupted, both by Bradley and the shot, as it remains steady on her face the
entire time she talks. Ultimately, Maya gets what she wants, and continues her mission. Without
Maya calling Bradley out on giving into political expediency and prioritizing his self interest, the
mission might not have been successful.
Zero Dark Thirty is extremely political. The film features the most prominent terrorist
against the United States, and how the U.S. retaliated. This film also takes a stance on political
expediency and its implications, as we will see later. Zero Dark Thirty is also effective in its
storytelling because the film remains fairly objective, not painting the CIA or american
government in a specifically good or bad light, as well as its depiction of the torture that was
used. One book articulates, “ Such a preponderance of ambiguity has the effect of producing
political ambivalence at the structural level: that is, the film itself literally becomes a container
for contradictory ideas and interpretations…” (Lisa Purse, 132). This neutrality helps audiences
focus more on what actually occurred rather than picking sides.
Maya’s character serves as a moral conscience in Zero Dark Thirty. In the midst of
political expediency and differences of opinion from her superiors, including the Station Chief
Bradley, as well as years of work with very little to show for it, Maya remains steadfast in her
dedication to finding Bin Laden. This stems from personal motivations including that Bin Laden
was responsible for deaths of countless Americans, the death of her closest friend, and how the
mission has taken years of her life. In addition however, Maya is not driven by her personal
interests, which allows her to be the driving force of the mission, even keeping her counterparts
on track even when it seems desirable or more effective to focus their efforts elsewhere. Without
Maya’s overwhelming willpower, they may not have succeeded in finding Bin Laden in the face
of adversity and hopelessness.
The global theme of political expediency is explored in, “The Brutality of Military
Incompetence: ‘Paths of Glory’” by Andrew Kelly. Kelly explains, “The film then highlights
three main areas; firstly, the ambition, incompetence, and brutality of the High Command;
secondly, it provides a realistic, horrific portrayal of war; and thirdly, an argument on the class
basis of conflict” (Kelly, 220). Although this article analyzes the incompetence and brutality of
high military commanders, this can also easily be applied to politicians. Firstly, we see the
brutality and lack of honesty in the U.S. government, as the film highlights their highly
controversial use of torture as a method to gain information. Secondly, we see a different side to
the realistic and horrific portrayal of war, where the audience is exposed to real-life torture
methods that the CIA used against their opponents. It’s important to note that the film does not
justify, sanitize, or even pass judgment on the torture itself, but rather calls it to attention as its a
tough subject matter that needs to be addressed. Thirdly, the film also highlights class disparities,
as in the scene where the C.I.A director was asking his team about the compound and was
seemingly ignorant of the details of the operation. Meanwhile Maya, who is notably low on the
totem pole within this scene, was the only one who knew the exact information and put in the
effort to discover it.
Kelly highlights, “The motivations, rationale, and actions of these two officers differ
markedly with Colonel Dax who, though always a soldier and dedicated ultimately to orders, is
on the side of his men and only accepts Mireau’s decision to prevent being instructed to rest.”
This quote highlights that although Colonel Dax has good character, especially compared to his
counterparts, there are certain instances where even he has to compromise his morality in order
to evade punishment and a further loss of power. This is applicable to Bradley, the Station Chief,
because he does not make his decisions off of a lack of morality or bad intent, but rather to
appease those above him and maintain his position of power. This is still classified as
self-interest, but it is due to a matter of circumstance/pressure rather than ill intent. This question
of morality in times of social pressures is also visited in the article “Rediscovering Morality
Through Asghar Farhadi’s A Separation,” where Joseph Burke asserts, “Each of Farhadi’s
directed films explicitly concern the pressures of social life and how human interaction develops
to pose deeply complex, some say intractable, difficulties” (Burke, 2). This argues that morality
is not always black and white. Life is complex, and the right moral decision to make is not
always clear. Bradley believes that he is in fact doing the right thing by trying to stop more
deaths, however the larger truth that Maya pushes for is that finding Bin Laden is the biggest
priority because he is the source of those very attacks. Bradley tries to deny Maya more
resources, not out of bad intentions, but rather because the morally correct decision was complex
and unclear.
No matter the reasons or personal justifications, the temptation for those in power to
place their own self-interests over those of the greater good will always exist. The checks and
balances afforded by strong individuals such as Maya, acting as a moral compass and holding
those above her to task, even in the face of immense difficulty and lack of certainty, are
invaluable. The higher one rises in any institution, and especially government, the greater the
danger as that power increases. Hopefully, we can foster more Mayas in the world, to fight for
more just and effective governments that benefit all.
Works Cited
Bergen, Peter. “A Feminist Film Epic and the Real Women of the CIA.” CNN, 13 Dec. 2012,
www.cnn.com/2012/12/13/opinion/bergen-feminist-epic. Accessed 2 Oct. 2025.
Burke, Joseph. Rediscovering Morality through Ashgar Farhadi’ s a Separation – Senses of
Cinema.
www.sensesofcinema.com/2011/feature-articles/rediscovering-morality-through-ashgar-farhadi.
“Disappearing War.” Google Books, 2017,
books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3i1WDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA131&dq=zero+dar
k+thirty+film+analysis&ots=7wMVYSzc6F&sig=8l2ps63DbcYwQpW173Nr6lL6Zc4#v=onepa
ge&q&f=false. Accessed 2 Oct. 2025.
Kelly, Andrew. “The Brutality of Military Incompetence: “Paths of Glory” (1957).” Historical
Journal of Film, Radio and Television, vol. 13, no. 2, Jan. 1993, pp. 215–227,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01439689300260221.
Roston, Aram, and Aram Roston. “Exclusive: Ex-CIA Analyst Says She “Got Bloodied” in
Tangled U.S. War on al Qaeda.” Reuters, 20 Apr. 2022,
www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-ex-cia-analyst-says-she-got-bloodied-tangled-us-war-al-qaeda
-2022-04-20/.
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- Published:
- 10.14.25 / 10am
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